{"id":707,"date":"2017-12-15T13:11:02","date_gmt":"2017-12-15T13:11:02","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/avanexa.in\/calmet\/?post_type=articles&p=707"},"modified":"2018-05-17T07:50:11","modified_gmt":"2018-05-17T07:50:11","slug":"different-types-of-cast-iron","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.calmet.com\/fr\/different-types-of-cast-iron\/","title":{"rendered":"Les diff\u00e9rents types de fonte"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Les diff\u00e9rents types de fonte<\/span><\/h1>\n\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>
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La fonte est un alliage ferreux obtenu par refonte de la fonte brute dans un four \u00e0 calandre jusqu'\u00e0 ce qu'elle se liqu\u00e9fie. La fonte en fusion est coul\u00e9e dans des moules ou des coul\u00e9es pour produire des produits en fonte aux dimensions requises. Selon l'application de la fonte, les \u00e9l\u00e9ments d'alliage ajout\u00e9s au four diff\u00e8rent. Les \u00e9l\u00e9ments d'alliage les plus couramment ajout\u00e9s sont le carbone, suivi du silicium. Les autres \u00e9l\u00e9ments d'alliage ajout\u00e9s sont le chrome, le molybd\u00e8ne, le cuivre, le titane, le vanadium, etc.<\/p>\n\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>

Comment la fonte est-elle class\u00e9e ?<\/h4>\n\t
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La microstructure de la fonte peut varier en fonction des \u00e9l\u00e9ments d'alliage ajout\u00e9s, de la variation de la solidification de la fonte et du traitement thermique utilis\u00e9. En fonction de l'application et des propri\u00e9t\u00e9s m\u00e9caniques souhait\u00e9es, les pi\u00e8ces en fonte peuvent \u00eatre class\u00e9es comme suit.<\/p>\n\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>

Types de fonte<\/p>\n

Fonte blanche<\/h4>\n\t

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Lorsque la fonte blanche est fractur\u00e9e, on observe des fissures de couleur blanche en raison de la pr\u00e9sence d'impuret\u00e9s de carbure. La fonte blanche est dure mais cassante. Elle a une faible teneur en silicium et un point de fusion bas. Le carbone pr\u00e9sent dans la fonte blanche pr\u00e9cipite et forme de grosses particules qui augmentent la duret\u00e9 de la fonte. Elle est r\u00e9sistante \u00e0 l'abrasion et rentable, ce qui la rend utile dans diverses applications telles que les barres de levage et les rev\u00eatements de coquilles dans les broyeurs, les surfaces d'usure des pompes, les billes et les anneaux des pulv\u00e9risateurs de charbon, etc.<\/p>\n\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n

Fonte grise<\/h4>\n\t
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La fonte grise est la fonte la plus polyvalente et la plus utilis\u00e9e. La pr\u00e9sence de carbone entra\u00eene la formation de flocons de graphite qui ne permettent pas aux fissures de passer lorsque le mat\u00e9riau se casse. Au contraire, lorsque le mat\u00e9riau se brise, le graphite cr\u00e9e de nombreuses nouvelles fissures. La fonte fractur\u00e9e est de couleur gris\u00e2tre, d'o\u00f9 son nom. Les flocons de graphite conf\u00e8rent \u00e0 la fonte grise une faible r\u00e9sistance aux chocs. Elles manquent \u00e9galement d'\u00e9lasticit\u00e9 et ont une faible r\u00e9sistance \u00e0 la traction.<\/p>\n

Cependant, le graphite conf\u00e8re \u00e0 la fonte une excellente usinabilit\u00e9, des caract\u00e9ristiques d'amortissement ainsi que de bonnes propri\u00e9t\u00e9s lubrifiantes, ce qui la rend utile dans de nombreuses applications industrielles. La microstructure de graphite de la fonte a une matrice compos\u00e9e de ferrite, de perlite ou d'une combinaison des deux. La fonte grise en fusion est plus fluide et se dilate bien pendant la solidification ou la cong\u00e9lation de la fonte. C'est ce qui les rend utiles dans des industries telles que l'agriculture, l'automobile, les usines textiles, etc.<\/p>\n\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n

Fonte mall\u00e9able<\/h4>\n\t
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La fonte mall\u00e9able est essentiellement de la fonte blanche qui subit un traitement thermique pour transformer le carbure en graphite. La fonte ainsi obtenue pr\u00e9sente des propri\u00e9t\u00e9s diff\u00e9rentes de celles de la fonte grise et de la fonte blanche. Dans le cas de la fonte mall\u00e9able, la structure du graphite est form\u00e9e de particules sph\u00e9ro\u00efdales de forme irr\u00e9guli\u00e8re plut\u00f4t que de flocons qui sont g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement pr\u00e9sents dans la fonte grise. La fonte mall\u00e9able se comporte donc comme un acier \u00e0 faible teneur en carbone. Le retrait est consid\u00e9rable, ce qui entra\u00eene une r\u00e9duction de la production de fonte ainsi qu'une augmentation des co\u00fbts. La fonte mall\u00e9able peut \u00eatre facilement identifi\u00e9e par ses limites \u00e9mouss\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n

Fonte ductile<\/h4>\n\t
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La fonte ductile est un autre type d'alliage ferreux utilis\u00e9 comme mat\u00e9riau d'ing\u00e9nierie dans de nombreuses applications. Pour produire de la fonte ductile, une petite quantit\u00e9 de magn\u00e9sium est ajout\u00e9e \u00e0 la fonte en fusion, ce qui modifie la structure du graphite qui se forme. Le magn\u00e9sium r\u00e9agit avec l'oxyg\u00e8ne et le soufre contenus dans la fonte en fusion, ce qui entra\u00eene la formation de graphite en forme de nodule, d'o\u00f9 le nom de fonte nodulaire. Comme la fonte mall\u00e9able, la fonte ductile est flexible et pr\u00e9sente une relation lin\u00e9aire entre la contrainte et la d\u00e9formation. Elle peut \u00eatre coul\u00e9e en diff\u00e9rentes tailles et \u00e9paisseurs.<\/p>\n\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

La fonte est un alliage ferreux obtenu par refonte de la fonte brute dans un four \u00e0 calandre jusqu'\u00e0 ce qu'elle se liqu\u00e9fie. La fonte en fusion est coul\u00e9e dans des moules ou des coul\u00e9es pour produire des produits en fonte aux dimensions requises. Selon l'application de la fonte, les \u00e9l\u00e9ments d'alliage ajout\u00e9s au four diff\u00e8rent. Les \u00e9l\u00e9ments d'alliage les plus couramment ajout\u00e9s sont le carbone, suivi du silicium. Les autres \u00e9l\u00e9ments d'alliage ajout\u00e9s sont le chrome, le molybd\u00e8ne, le cuivre, le titane, le vanadium, etc.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":49,"parent":0,"menu_order":14,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-707","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nDifferent Types Of Cast Iron | White cast iron, Grey cast iron, Ductile cast iron<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Calmet offers Different Types Of Cast Iron White cast iron, Grey cast iron, Malleable cast iron and Ductile cast iron with high quality in USA, Canada and India.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.calmet.com\/fr\/different-types-of-cast-iron\/\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Dur\u00e9e 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